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Table 1 Four models of personal confidential data disclosure for health research

From: Health research access to personal confidential data in England and Wales: assessing any gap in public attitude between preferable and acceptable models of consent

Model

Description

Model 1

Information should be disclosed without explicit consent and with no opt out

Model 2

Information should be disclosed without explicit consent but with opt out permitted for sufficient reason l

Model 3

Information should be disclosed without explicit consent but with opt out permitted for any reason

Model 4

Information should be disclosed only with explicit consent