Table 1 RRI and the evolution of responsibility paradigms
Paradigm | Criterion of ascription | Mean of realisation | Target | Dimension | Orientation in time | Responsibility dimensions | Regulating mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fault | Liability | Sanction | Negative outcomes | Individual | Retrospective | Liability-responsibility | Hard law |
Risk | Damage | Compensation | Negative outcomes | Systemic | Prospective/Retrospective | Causality-responsibility | Hard law |
Safety | Uncertainty | Precaution | Negative outcomes | Collective | Prospective/Anticipative | Capacity-responsibility | Hard law/Soft law |
RRI | Responsiveness | Participation | Negative and positive outcomes | Collaborative | Prospective/Proactive | Virtue-responsibility | Self-regulation/Soft law/Hard Law |