Table 6 Social worlds
SW | Commitments | Self-Descriptions of the SW (readapted from actors’phrasing) | Relations with other SWs | Actions and technologies | Site of actions and/or organizations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
#1 Maker Movement | -Democratization of productive processes -Alternative learning -Citizen empowerment | “A culture based on a different set of values” “The members of Fablabs and makerspaces” “A learning opportunity and educational model” “Everyone using a 3d printer” | -Citizen Science -Entrepreneurship -DIY bio | -Sharing of spaces, resources and technology -Art/Science practices -Online support -Education -Participation to events -3D print, microcontrollers, etc. | -Fablabs, makerspaces -Resource websites -Community events -Schools -Museums |
#2 Hacker Movement | -Democratization of software -Sharing of information on technical and societal issues (privacy, surveillance, activism) | “Similar to the Maker Movement but totally non-institutionalized. Fablabs are not the hacker movement” “The collective community operating online for open source software and privacy protection” “Online activism, sometimes in a grey area” “A cultural change” | -Maker Movement -Citizen Science | -Programming -Online support and activism -Open software and hardware | -Virtual spaces -Dedicated events -Hackerspaces (for educational purposes) |
#3 Bio Hacking | -Enhancement of self being -Individual and collective wellbeing -Cybernetics | “Playing the doctor of yourself” “Experimenting with the human body for psychophysical enhancement” “DIY clinical research” | -DIY bio | -Body modification -Neurohacking -Drug development -Online support -Nootropics -Biometric data | -Online communities -Dedicated events |
#4 DIY Bio | -Sharing of knowledge and resources for research in biology -Citizen science support | “Conducting experiment out of the lab for specific purposes and even for fun” “Traditional biology research carried out even by non-professionals” “DIY Bio and biohacking are often mistaken” | -Bio Hacking -Citizen Science -Maker Movement -Entrepreneurship | -Experiments and trials set up -Formal Research -Online support -Art/Science practices -Printed biosensors -Genome editing techniques | -Hackerspaces -Private spaces -Museums -Dedicated events |
#5 Citizen Science | -Citizen participation to science activities -Local knowledge -Local problem solving -Public consultation | “Bottom up scientific initiatives to tackle local or community problems” “An opportunity to integrate scientific knowledge in certain circumstances” “The top down engagement of citizens in science” | -Maker Movement -DIY bio -Hacker Movement | -Sharing of spaces, resources and technology -Community support -Interfacing with policy and the academia -Different technologies and apps | -Makerspaces and Fablabs -Local spaces -Online platforms |
#6 Entre- preneurship | -Production of innovation -Starting businesses -Alternative business models | “Capitalization of DIY approaches for business purposes” “Expansion of access to services and products according to open source” “Reconsideration of labour in a more sustainable way” | -DIY bio -Maker Movement -Hacker Movement | -Use of new technologies and emerging communities for private business -Different technologies | -Makerspaces, Fablabs and hackerspaces -Dedicated events |