Table 2 Technical impacts of laser land levelling technology

 Water consumption

5

2.53

11

7.3

47

31.1

91

60.3

 Irrigation time

11

2.40

11

7.3

57

37.7

78

51.7

3

2.0

 Uniform distribution of water

1

2.73

6

4.0

27

17.9

116

76.8

 Irrigation method

14

2.36

16

10.6

47

31.1

81

53.6

5

3.3

 Frequency of irrigation

20

2.26

18

11.9

50

3.1

73

48.3

8

5.3

 Deep percolation of water

15

2.35

17

11.3

52

34.4

76

50.3

3

2.0

 Water waste

6

2.52

13

8.6

33

21.9

99

65.6

4

2.6

 Moisture-holding capacity

24

2.14

16

10.6

59

39.1

62

41.1

12

7.9

 Underground waters level

31

1.91

27

17.9

51

33.8

52

34.4

19

12.6

 Uniform germination of crop

7

2.50

12

7.9

44

29.1

92

60.9

2

1.3

 Uniform growth of crop

3

2.56

8

5.3

43

28.5

97

64.2

2

1.3

 Crop yield

16

2.34

13

8.6

60

39.7

73

48.3

4

2.6

 Crop shedding

19

2.28

17

11.3

45

29.8

78

51.7

9

6.0

 Yielding period length

39

1.59

24

15.9

45

29.8

41

27.2

39

25.8

 Density of crop

25

2.08

20

13.2

58

38.4

58

38.4

13

8.6

 Turnaround time between harvesting one crop and planting another

36

1.64

21

13.9

50

33.1

41

27.2

36

23.8

 Planting date

37

1.63

21

13.9

47

31.1

43

28.5

38

25.2

 Harvest date

34

1.67

24

15.9

44

29.1

46

30.5

35

23.2

 Increasing positive competition for more production

31

1.91

26

17.2

62

41.1

45

29.8

16

10.6

 Improving machineries traverse (Improving field trafficability)

13

2.37

10

6.6

46

30.5

84

55.6

8

5.3

 Machineries speed (time saving)

8

2.48

12

7.9

43

28.5

90

59.6

3

2.0

 Traffic of tractor in the field

21

2.25

23

15.2

41

27.2

76

50.3

8

5.3

 Using zero tillage planting

14

2.36

19

12.6

41

27.2

84

55.6

5

3.3

 Using Conservation tillage

2

2.57

19

12.6

43

28.5

82

54.3

4

2.6

 Using chopper-combine

19

2.28

19

12.6

51

33.8

73

48.3

6

4.0

 Combinate use

18

2.32

23

15.2

42

27.8

80

53.0

4

2.6

 Using modern solutions sprayer

22

2.19

17

11.3

50

33.1

70

46.4

12

7.9

 Time taken for land preparation

23

2.16

22

14.6

44

29.1

70

46.4

12

7.9

 Time taken for planting

24

2.14

17

11.3

52

34.4

67

44.4

14

9.3

 Time taken for harvesting

11

2.40

12

7.9

51

33.8

71

47.0

15

9.9

 Facilitating agricultural activities

4

2.54

12

7.9

45

29.8

93

61.6

 Farm infrastructures

29

1.97

25

16.6

50

33.1

57

37.7

18

11.9

 Cropping pattern

35

1.66

27

17.9

44

29.1

44

29.1

33

21.9

 Crop rotation

38

1.60

30

19.9

40

26.5

43

28.5

36

23.8

 Land fallow

40

1.52

24

15.9

40

26.5

41

27.2

43

28.5

 Crop diversity

38

1.60

27

17.9

41

27.2

44

29.1

38

25.2

 Tillage operation

17

2.33

16

10.6

58

38.4

72

47.7

3

2.0

 Land consolidation

10

2.42

12

7.9

44

29.1

88

58.3

6

4.0

 Pesticide consumption

36

1.64

39

25.8

40

26.5

43

28.5

29

19.2

 Number of spraying pesticides

33

1.70

33

21.9

47

31.1

43

28.5

27

17.9

 Fertilizer consumption

27

1.98

26

17.2

53

35.1

55

36.4

16

10.6

 Seed consumption

26

2.07

30

19.9

54

35.8

57

37.7

8

5.3

 Fossil fuel consumption

32

1.89

37

24.5

57

37.7

45

29.8

12

7.9

 Electricity use

30

1.92

32

21.2

50

33.1

53

35.1

16

10.6

 Crete’s sizes

9

2.44

11

7.3

48

31.8

85

56.3

4

2.6

 Expansion of total area planting

12

2.39

11

7.3

59

39.1

76

50.3

3

2.0

 Cultivable area (Farm useful area)

11

2.40

17

11.3

48

31.8

81

53.6

2

1.3

 Cultivation in barren lands

19

2.28

19

12.6

51

33.8

73

48.3

6

4.0