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Table 4 Social impacts of laser land levelling technology

From: A socio-psychological model of laser levelling impacts assessment

Indicators

Priority

Rank mean

Positive impact

No impact

Low

Average

High

Frequency

Percent

Frequency

Percent

Frequency

Percent

Frequency

Percent

Job opportunities

 Seasonal agricultural labor

7

1.46

30

19.9

37

24.5

39

25.8

45

29.8

 Employment opportunities

8

1.45

27

17.9

38

25.2

39

25.8

46

30.5

 Number of family workforce

10

1.34

31

20.5

36

23.8

32

21.2

49

32.5

Sense of belonging to village (place attachment)

 Sense of belonging to village

2

1.72

30

19.9

43

28.5

47

31.1

29

19.2

 Interest in living in villages in the future

3

1.71

37

24.5

47

31.1

42

27.8

24

15.9

 Interest in spending most time in village

5

1.65

34

22.5

40

26.5

44

29.1

31

20.5

 Taking responsibility for improving villages status

5

1.65

42

27.8

39

25.8

42

27.8

26

17.2

Immigration

 Immigration from rural areas

6

1.50

32

21.2

40

26.5

38

25.2

40

26.5

 Immigrants returns

9

1.35

33

21.9

37

24.5

32

21.2

48

31.8

Welfare

 Improving farmers’ living condition

1

1.96

37

24.5

48

31.8

54

35.8

11

7.3

 Quality of life satisfaction

2

1.72

42

27.8

45

29.8

42

27.8

21

13.9

 Enjoying life

3

1.71

34

22.5

45

29.8

44

29.1

26

17.2

 Spending more time with their families

4

1.67

38

25.2

50

33.1

37

24.5

24

15.9

 Reduce poverty and inequality

7

1.46

31

20.5

46

30.5

32

21.2

41

27.2